Allopurinol is a medication that is utilized to manage gout, a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful joint inflammation, redness, and heat caused by the accumulation of uric acid in the joints. Furthermore, Allopurinol is administered to individuals with specific types of cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment to address elevated levels of uric acid that build up in the bloodstream as tumors break down. It is also prescribed for people with high levels of uric acid in their urine who have experienced recurrent kidney stone formation. Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which function by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. High levels of uric acid can trigger gout attacks or kidney stones. However, Allopurinol is used to prevent gout attacks rather than to treat them once they have occurred.