Allopurinol is administered to prevent or reduce elevated levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. Additionally, it is utilized to prevent or lower excessive uric acid levels caused by cancer medication or in individuals who have kidney stones. Gout or gouty arthritis, characterized by joint pain and inflammation, can be triggered by elevated levels of uric acid in the body. Allopurinol functions as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which lowers the amount of uric acid produced by the body.